RACIAL BIAS AND DISCRIMINATION
Research has revealed that Black students receive harsher punishments than white students for the same behavior. Thus, when implementing discipline strategies, it is imperative to mindfully assess the existence and root causes of disproportionate discipline for students of color, as well as proactively use alternative approaches that directly address racial disproportionality.
Research
Adriana Villavicencio, Dyuti Bhattacharya, and Brandon Guidry, Moving the Needle Exploring Key Levers to Boost College Readiness Among Black and Latino Males in New York City (2013)
Bettie Ray Butler, Marcus D. Joubert, Chance W. Lewis, Who’s Really Disrupting the Classroom? (2009)
Center for the Study of Race and Equity in Education DISPROPORTIONATE IMPACT OF K-12 SCHOOL SUSPENSION AND EXPULSION ON BLACK STUDENTS IN SOUTHERN STATES (2015)
Discipline Disparities: A Research to Practice Collaborative: You Can’t Fix What You Don’t Look At: Acknowledging Race in Addressing Racial Discipline Disparities (December 2014)
Do Early Educators’ Implicit Biases Regarding Sex and Race Relate to Behavior Expectations and Recommendations of Preschool Expulsions and Suspensions? (Sept. 28, 2016)
Framing the Challenge: Research on Disciplinary Disproportionality and the Need for Equity-Explicit Intervention (EXCERPTS) (2013)
Journal of African American Males in Education: African American Male Discipline Patterns and School District Responses Resulting Impact on Academic Achievement: Implications for Urban Educators and Policy Makers (February/March 2010)
Journal of Progressive Human Services Critical Multiculturalism, Whiteness, and Social Work: Towards a More Radical View of Cultural Competence (2006)
National Institute of Health: Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in School Discipline among U.S. High School Students: 1991-2005
New Study Reveals Race of Students Triggers Alarming Bias in Teacher Expectations – (March 30, 2016)
Race and Social Problems: Restructuring Inequity: Interventions to Address Racial/Ethnic Disparities in School Discipline: Can Systems Reform Be Race-Neutral?
Shore Research: Disproportionality in Disciplinary Action in Public Education Literature Review (February 19 2012)
The Urban Review: The Color of Discipline: Sources of Racial and Gender Disproportionality in School Punishment (December 2002)
Two Strikes: Race and the Disciplining of Young Students – STANFORD (April 8, 2015)
Urban Strategies Council: African American Male Achievement Initiative- A closer look at suspensions of African American males in Oakland Unified School District (May 22, 2012)
Key Components to Culturally Responsive Teaching (2015)
Equal Justice Society, Breaking the Chains
Ed Source: Getting to the ‘why’ of school discipline disparities (August 2015)
Educational Researcher: The Achievement Gap and the Discipline Gap: Two sides of the same coin? (2010)
VERA Institute of Justice: BEMORE Concept Paper (2013)
My Brother’s Keeper Task Force Report To The President (2014)
News
Implicit Bias in Preschool (Sept. 28, 2016)
Why Teachers Are More Likely to Punish Black Students (May 7, 2015)
Videos
Webinars
Dismantling Bias: Tools for the Classroom
Institutionalized Racism and Inequity: ‘Turning the Mirror Inward’ In Your District